Employment in Belgium
Economy
Belgium has a highly developed and open economy at the heart of Western Europe. Its central location, dense transport network and access to major European markets make it attractive for international business. Belgium is strong in logistics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food production, advanced manufacturing and financial services. The Port of Antwerp-Bruges is one of Europe’s most important gateways for trade, while Brussels plays a major role in administration, international affairs and services.
Demography
Belgium had about 11.8 million inhabitants at the start of 2024. It is a multilingual country with Dutch, French and German as official languages, and English is widely used in many international workplaces. Brussels is the capital and one of Europe’s most international cities. Belgium’s population is diverse, and many companies are used to employing people with international backgrounds.
Migration
Belgium has long attracted foreign workers because of its industry, services sector and central position in Europe. Today it remains an important destination for both EU and non-EU professionals. For many non-EU nationals who will work in Belgium for more than 90 days, the main route is the single permit, which combines residence and work authorization. Belgium also participates in the EU Blue Card system for highly qualified professionals.
Employment
In 2023, more than 5.3 million people were active on the labour market in Belgium and the employment rate was 66.6%. Labour-market conditions differ by region, with Flanders generally showing stronger employment figures than Wallonia and Brussels. Employers continue to report shortages in areas such as healthcare, engineering, construction, ICT, technical trades and logistics. For qualified workers, Belgium offers opportunities in both domestic companies and international organisations.
Working in Belgium
Belgium offers access to a wealthy and internationally connected labour market in the centre of Europe. Brussels is especially important for EU institutions, consulting, law, policy and multilingual business services, while Antwerp, Ghent, Leuven, Liège and other cities contribute to industry, research and logistics.
Immigration Office
Government information on employment
